also known as a chopper, or switching regulator, and a transistor chopper
When transistor Q1 is turned on by applying a gate voltage VGE, the dc supply is connected to the load and the instantaneous output voltage is Vo = +Vs. When transistor Q1 is turned off by removing the gate voltage VGE, the dc supply is disconnected from the load and the instantaneous output voltage is Vo = 0. The average output voltage becomes Vo(AVG) = t1Vs/T = δ Vs. Therefore, the average output voltage can be varied by controlling the duty cycle. The average output voltage Vo is controlled by varying the conduction time t, of transistor Q1. If T is the chopping period, then t1 = δT. δ is known as the duty cycle of the chopper.
